Contact: Tevah Platt, [email protected]

ANN ARBOR – Against the backdrop of some 50 years of legal prohibitions, interest and activity surrounding psychedelics has been surging in recent decades. From new clinical research into psychedelic treatment of mental disorders and legislative changes liberalizing access to rising personal use and the emergence of psychedelic startups and NGOs– we’re living in an era of a Psychedelic Renaissance. 

Population Studies Center researcher Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research saw the need to examine the information-seeking behavior of people using psychedelics to inform educational and harm reduction programs addressing licit and illicit use.

In a new study just published in The Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Kruger and colleagues are the first to systematically examine the sources of information used by people using psychedelics in their natural environments, and the degree to which they are trusted. 

Although official medical advice on psychedelic use is scarce, we know that people using psychedelics commonly engage in considerable information-gathering, creation, and sharing, Kruger said. Though analogous to health information-gathering in other contexts, there are legal, moral, and medical dynamics in the domain of psychedelics that make it unique. The classification of psychedelics as Schedule I illegal drugs may have contributed to driving people toward underground environments for the exchange of information for guidance and harm reduction advice, the researchers say.

Through a large, anonymous, online survey (N=1221), the researchers found that psychedelic users consult a diverse array of information sources, typically outside of mainstream health and medical care systems. The most common source of participants’ information on psychedelics was their own experimentation and experiences. Most also sought information from Internet websites, friends, Internet discussion forums, books, and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Few– less than 5%– sought information from their primary health care provider. Even fewer– less than 2%– reported not seeking out information on psychedelics.

The study population reported considerable experience with the use of psychedelics, with most (81%) having used at least two different psychedelics and the majority (67%) having used psychedelics at least once every 6 months in the past 5 years.

Articles published in scientific journals, psychedelic non-profits, and researchers based in colleges or universities were the most trusted sources of psychedelic information. Government  agencies and pharmaceutical companies were the least trusted. Few participants thought that the popular media accurately stated the benefits and risks of psychedelics and most thought that the popular media failed to distinguish between different types of psychedelics. 

Kruger and colleagues noted some differences in the responses of younger and older participants. For example, older participants were more likely to seek psychedelic information from psychedelic therapists than younger participants, and they reported greater trust in popular media and government agencies. Among those consulting social media, younger participants were more likely to use Reddit, while older participants were more likely to use Facebook and Slack. Younger participants were also more likely to think that popular media understates the risks of psychedelics.

“Users are vulnerable to the mind-altering nature of the psychedelic experience,” said Kruger. “Having trusted sources of information is important for increasing the likelihood of safe and responsible use.”

This study may inform policy makers, public health officials, and clinicians working with users of psychedelics to address a trust gap and potentially bridge the psychedelic worlds within and outside of institutions. 

“Educational efforts using the most trusted information sources are likely to have the most impact at disseminating accurate information about psychedelics and promoting safe and responsible use,” Kruger says.

The study’s authors include Oskar Enghoff of the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research in the Department of Psychology at Aarhus University in Denmark; Moss Herberholz of the Radical Well-Being Center of Southfield Mich., Julie Barron of Blue Sage Health Consulting, the Michigan Psychedelic Society, and Decriminalize Nature in Ann Arbor, and Kevin F. Boehnke of the Anesthesiology Department at the University of Michigan Medical School. Kruger is also an affiliate of the Michigan Anesthesiology Department.